Why you must act F.A.S.T.
A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. So recognising the signs and calling 999 for an ambulance is crucial. The sooner somebody who is having a stroke gets urgent medical attention, the better their chances of a good recovery.
Recognise the signs of stroke
Only a hospital test can confirm a stroke for sure, but it is important to know the signs. The Face Arm Speech Time (F.A.S.T.) test can help you recognise the signs of a stroke or TIA.
Act F.A.S.T.
Face: Has their face fallen on one side? Can they smile?
Arms: Can they raise both arms and keep them there?
Speech: Is their speech slurred?
Time: Time to call 999 if you see any single one of these signs. If the person has failed any of these tests, dial 999 immediately so they can be taken to hospital for urgent treatment. Paramedic and ambulance staff are trained to assess patients with suspected stroke and get them to a hospital quickly.
What is a stroke and TIA?
Strokes are caused by a disturbance of the blood supply to the brain. They are the leading cause of disability in the UK and the third most common cause of death after cancer and coronary heart disease.
Ischaemic stroke is the most common type of stroke causing 17 out of 20 cases. This happens when a blood clot or a piece of fatty material blocks an artery, restricting the amount of blood and oxygen that can reach the brain.
Haemorrhagic stroke is less common and is caused by a weakened artery bursting, allowing blood to seep out of the artery wall. The blood then damages the brain tissue by pressing on it. At the same time other brain cells may be damaged because they are not receiving enough oxygen.
Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or “mini-stroke” is similar to a stroke and has the same signs, but gets better within 24 hours. However, it is vital not to wait and see if the signs get better as it could be a full stroke. And although TIA may not itself cause any serious illness it could be a warning sign of a more serious stroke and requires the same F.A.S.T. action to call 999.
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